Dr. Chris Thompson explains that insulin resistance is harder to check, but there's a formula: multiply fasting blood glucose by fasting insulin and divide by a constant; if the result is greater than two, you have insulin resistance.
Dr. Chris Thompson recommends several ways to look for ectopic fat: a waist circumference measurement or waist-to-height ratio, a DEXA scan to tell whether you have visceral fat or a lot of subcutaneous fat, and CT scans or MRIs which will also reveal visceral vs. subcutaneous fat. An ALT liver test — an aminotransferase in the liver — usually signifies liver inflammation and can indicate ectopic fat.
Dr. Sara Gottfried recommends investigating whether inflammatory tone is the cause of painful periods, and to reduce period pain using fish oil and SPMs, and maybe a little aspirin during the period.
Consequential creator advice requires independent verification before Today can promote it.
Jeff Cavalier argues you don't need a probiotic — you need a prebiotic, something that will let bacteria grow. He advises eating enough vegetables (not the canned kind) and fiber to create the intestinal environment necessary for good bacteria colonization of the digestive tract. Getting whole grain bread and enough vegetables right provides the fiber needed, and fiber intake creates that environment.
None stated.
Jesse makes sure to have some form of cruciferous vegetables — bok choy, brussels sprouts, cauliflower — on his plate every single night. The key is that you don't forget to do it. Fibrous carbs like these are lumped into the cruciferous vegetable category.
Jesse drinks 40 to 50 ounces of skim milk every day, choosing skim over whole milk purely for its calorie impact at that volume. He fits it in via oatmeal, a glass alone, at night, or with shakes.
For people having trouble falling asleep (not waking mid-night or having excessively vivid dreams), Huberman identifies magnesium threonate and apigenin as two supplements shown to be effective for shortening the transition time to sleep. Magnesium threonate is interchangeable with magnesium bisglycinate; both have transporter systems that allow them to readily cross the blood-brain barrier and lead to a mild drowsiness that should not prevent operating a motor vehicle or handling emergencies. People taking them often find their transition into sleep is much faster and sleep is deeper. They are also thought to be useful for cognitive support and neuroprotection, although there is less data on that.
Dr. Chris Thompson describes how AI-assisted surgical systems can coach surgeons through procedures in real time via a heads-up display on the screen — highlighting target structures, indicating stitch placement, counting stitches, verifying spacing, and modeling stomach shape changes to show whether the treatment effect is adequate. These systems are currently limited to research centers.
AI is beginning to have an impact in surgery by coaching the surgeon through procedures via a heads-up display on the screen in real time. It can highlight structures to work on, point to where to place a stitch, count stitches and check spacing, and model how the stomach is changing shape to indicate treatment effect. This is not yet widely available and is currently in research centers.
Dr. Chris Thompson says he doesn't see an empty stomach for long periods as a major issue with intermittent fasting, and that the benefits of intermittent/time-restricted eating probably outweigh the potential microbiome risk.
hedged ('probably would outweigh')
After Dr. Thompson's attempt to replicate ileal interposition endoscopically — harvesting ileal tissue via colonoscopy, creating stem cells, and injecting them into the foregut — was not successful, a cardiologist colleague at the Brigham suggested ablating the duodenum (burning it with steam, hot water, or other means) to reset its stem cells, on the rationale that the duodenum is sick. Duodenal ablation requires no sleeve and no bowel rerouting. A1C drops by over a point and corrects, though patients do not lose a lot of weight, making it a potential diabetes treatment; studies suggest that when someone comes off a GLP-1, ablation keeps them from regaining their weight. After ablation the duodenum regenerates — stem cells come back, tight junctions potentially heal, and the tissuereturns
partial
Dr. Chris Thompson reports that about 30% of people come off GLP-1s in the first month and around 50% by the end of the year, and that this non-adherence is not specific to GLP-1s — blood pressure and cholesterol medicines show comparable drop-off — suggesting some underlying thing where people just don't like taking medicines frequently.
approximate figures ('about', 'around')
Dr. Thompson developed the ESG procedure in 2012. It is performed by going in through the mouth with a small scope while the patient sleeps and folding the stomach on itself. Its first goal is to augment stress receptors so the smaller stomach pocket stretches quicker when food hits it — stomach stretch triggers vagal afferents that go up to the nodose ganglia, then the NTS, then into the hypothalamic area signaling fullness. Its second mechanism is suppressing ghrelin because food stays in the stomach longer, so patients don't have to worry about ghrelin going up when they lose weight, making weight easier to keep off for 10 years or longer. ESG does not directly address GLP-1 and other duodenal hormones, but the body has ways of dealing with it.
Dr. Thompson reports that GLP-1 drugs can cause blindness, but only in a very rare set of individuals who have a specific optic nerve head ischemic condition.
None stated; the rarity and mechanism are the speaker's characterization.
Juvenile/adolescent animals given ad libitum access to a sugar solution with roughly the same percentage of calories as a soft drink show hippocampal-dependent memory deficits when they are older. The claim is described from preclinical animal work and carries the stated limitation that it is an animal model at preprint level.
Described finding from animal models; explicitly limited to preclinical, preprint-level work.
Animals consuming a junk food diet (chocolate peanut butter cups, Ruffles potato chips, rodent high-fat high-sugar diet) show memory impairments that last even after they are switched to a healthy diet. This is a described finding from animal models.
Described from animal models; persistence after diet switch is the reported observation.
In transgenic Alzheimer's animal models, consuming a Western diet high in calories from fat and simple sugars can exacerbate Alzheimer's-like pathology and leads animals to develop symptoms earlier than on a healthy diet. This is preclinical evidence and does not establish the same effect in humans.
Described from preclinical animal studies; explicitly limited to animal models, not humans.
Dr. Sara Gottfried says benchmarking is best performed in your 20s or 30s for the most useful baseline, and that in your 20s you want to do some base casing with estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.
Dr. Sara Gottfried recommends testing hormones on day 21 to 22 of a 28-day menstrual cycle (about a week before your period starts) if you're in your 20s. If your cycle is irregular, timing is harder to standardize. As women age and cycles shorten due to declining progesterone, test earlier in the cycle, around day 19-20.
Jesse recommends Ceylon cinnamon over cassia cinnamon, especially for heavy consumption: eating large amounts of cassia can cause coumarin toxicity, which can lead to liver damage. He notes cinnamon helps stabilize blood sugar and improve insulin sensitivity, making it an easy add-on for staying lean or fat loss. You may need to go to a specialty store to buy Ceylon, but it is worth the effort if you eat a lot of it; he puts it in his oatmeal along with skim milk daily.
Upon waking, before anything else, drink 16 to 20 ounces of water. This single, timed action is directly instructed by the creator with no missing details.
Take a methylated B vitamin complex daily if you have the MTHFR mutation.
The creators behind most of what cleared in Fuel.
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